Aids in Digestion:
Bacteria in your gut help break down certain complex carbohydrates and dietary fibers that you can’t break down on your own. They produce short-chain fatty acids as byproducts. They also provide the enzymes necessary to synthesize certain vitamins, including B1, B9, B12, and K. Gut bacteria also help to metabolize bile in your intestines. Your liver sends bile to your small intestine to help you digest fats. When that’s done, bacteria and their enzymes help to break it down so that the bile acids can be reabsorbed and recycled by your liver.
Immune System:
Beneficial microbes in your gut help to train your immune system to be able to distinguish the good bacteria from the unhelpful, pathogenic bacteria. Your gut is your largest immune system organ, containing up to 80% of your body’s immune cells. These cells help to clear out pathogens that pass through it every day.
Some of the chronic bacterial infections that can affect your GI tract, including C. difficile and H. pylori, are directly related to having a diminished gut microbiome as well as low stomach acid.
Inflammation is a function of your immune system that can malfunction, becoming hyper-reactive. Chronic inflammation is a feature of autoimmune disease and may have a role in many other diseases, including cancer. Short-chain fatty acids appear to suppress these types of inflammatory reactions. Autoimmune bugs do show up and are also measured within the test, which allows treatments to specifically target and eliminate unwanted colonies.
Gut-Brain Connection/ Nervous System:
Gut microbes can affect your nervous system through the gut-brain axis — which is a network of nerves, neurons and neurotransmitters that runs through your GI tract. Certain bacteria actually produce or stimulate the production of neurotransmitters (like serotonin) that send chemical signals to your brain and have a huge impact on mood.
Your gut is involved in various neurological, behavioral, nerve pain and mood disorders.
Endocrine System:
Gut microbes also interact with endocrine cells in your gut lining. These cells (enteroendocrine cells) make your gut the largest endocrine system organ in your body. They secrete hormones that regulate aspects of your metabolism, including blood sugar, hunger, and satiety.
Many hormones are made in your gut, both sex hormones as well as neurotransmitters.
What Health Conditions are directly related to gut dysbiosis include:
- Infections: Invasive pathogens (disease-causing organisms) can cause temporary or chronic infections in your gut. They can cause diarrhea, inflammation (colitis), and toxic damage to your gut lining. Some types even directly invade your gut barrier, threatening to escape into your bloodstream and go systemic. Dysbiosis weakens your gut’s defenses against these pathogens and have a real impact on your health..
- SIBO: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is dysbiosis in your small intestine. It means certain types of bacteria are overgrown. In some cases, bacteria from your large intestine have migrated and settled in your small intestine, where they don’t really belong. This can be a result of slow gut motility.
- Inflammatory bowel disease: IBD is a collection of autoimmune conditions in your gut that includes ulcerative colitis, microscopic colitis, and Crohn’s disease. Gut dysbiosis is one of the criteria for diagnosing IBD. Researchers know that the two conditions are related and that each contributes to the other, making it worse.
- Atherosclerosis: Certain bad gut bacteria contribute to your cardiovascular risk by producing a byproduct called trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). This byproduct builds up in your arteries, contributing to atherosclerosis (hardening of your arteries). It’s one of the substances that cardiac blood tests check for when determining your risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Other conditions that may be indirectly related to gut dysbiosis include: